作为基础设施的语言：英语与双语——Alexander Ressos博士著作《新加坡：国际金融中心》（Singapore as an International Financial Centre）的一部分。
第J部分考察语言在金融中心中的作用，与日内瓦卷中关于法语的部分相对应。
本部分属于Alexander Ressos博士的著作新加坡：国际金融中心，全书在本站逐节完整发布。
英语作为工作语言
A visitor who lands at Changi, takes a taxi to Raffles Place and spends a day in meetings with bankers, lawyers and regulators may never hear a word of any language other than English. Read more Singapore · Language英语的殖民遗产
When Raffles founded the British settlement in 1819, English was the language of a handful of officials and merchants. Read more Singapore · Language独立后对英语的选择
The legal framework of language in Singapore took shape in three steps. In 1955 the Legislative Assembly gave official status to English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil. Read more Singapore · Language英语作为各社群之间的共同语言
The success of the policy is measured most clearly by the language that Singaporeans speak at home. Read more Singapore · Language金融与合同中的英语
In the financial sector the question of language hardly arises, because everything is in English. Read more Singapore · Language新加坡英语与国际英语
The English of Singapore is a variety of English with its own features. Read more Singapore · Language英语作为工作语言：对客户和顾问的实际影响
For a European client or adviser, the use of English in Singapore has several practical consequences. Read more Singapore · Language英语作为工作语言：与日内瓦、香港和迪拜的比较
Geneva and Singapore face the language question from opposite ends. Geneva is a French-speaking city in a mainly German-speaking country, working in an industry whose global language is English. Read more Singapore · Language英语作为工作语言：摘要
English came to Singapore as the language of the colonial administration, the courts and the European firms, and spread through mission and government schools, the Queen’s Scholarship and the… Read more Singapore · Language双语政策与作为商业资产的华语
On the evening of 7 September 1979 the Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew, opened a campaign at the Singapore Conference Hall with a sentence that set out a problem of language policy in the terms of a… Read more Singapore · Language教育中的双语政策
Before independence Singapore had four school systems, each teaching in a different medium. Read more Singapore · Language讲华语运动
The campaign followed directly from the Goh Report. Lee Kuan Yew’s diagnosis was practical. Read more Singapore · Language方言、华语与身份认同
The Chinese who came to Singapore in the nineteenth century spoke the languages of their districts in Fujian and Guangdong. By the middle of the twentieth century at least twelve dialects were in use. Read more Singapore · Language与中国商业往来中的华语
The economic value of Mandarin depended on China opening to the world. When Lee Kuan Yew first visited China in 1976, he conducted his official meetings in English. Read more Singapore · Language作为官方语言的马来语和淡米尔语
Article 153A of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore names four official languages: Malay, Mandarin, Tamil and English. Read more Singapore · Language双语政策与作为商业资产的华语：实际影响
For banks, wealth managers, family offices and law firms, the bilingual policy produces a workforce in which almost everyone speaks English and many understand a second language. Read more Singapore · Language双语政策与作为商业资产的华语：与日内瓦和香港的比较
Geneva’s position is the mirror image of Singapore’s. French is the main language of 79 % of the canton’s residents. Read more Singapore · Language双语政策与作为商业资产的华语：摘要
Singapore made a second language compulsory in all schools in 1966 and, after the Goh Report of 1979, turned English into the first language of a single school system from 1987, with Mandarin, Malay… Read more Singapore · Language以英语运作的普通法：合同、法院与法律服务
A financial centre sells promises. Read more Singapore · Language普通法传统
The legal foundations of British Singapore, traced in Part A, lie in the Second Charter of Justice of 27 November 1826. Read more Singapore · Language新加坡法律作为合同准据法
A governing law clause answers several questions at once. Read more Singapore · Language法律职业与外国律师事务所
Singapore lawyers belong to a fused profession. Read more Singapore · Language面向区域的法律服务
Legal services have become a sector that the government measures and promotes like any other service industry. Read more Singapore · Language新加坡法律与瑞士法律作为法律选择
Swiss law and Singapore law are among the laws most often chosen by parties who have no connection with either country. Read more Singapore · Language日内瓦、香港与迪拜比较
Geneva offers Swiss law, a codified civil law, in a city whose courts sit in French. Read more Singapore · Language英语普通法：合同、法院与法律服务：摘要
Singapore received English law through the Charter of 1826 and the Civil Law Ordinance of 1878, then gave its common law a fixed and sovereign basis through the Application of English Law Act 1993… Read more Singapore · Language人才：教育、移民与金融从业人员
A financial centre has no mines, fields or factories of its own. Read more Singapore · Language大学与金融教育
Higher education in Singapore began with medicine. Read more Singapore · Language就业准证与移民政策
Singapore has always been a city of immigrants, as Part A described for the nineteenth century. The modern policy of recruiting foreign professionals took shape in the 1990s. Read more Singapore · Language本地人才与外国人才
Singapore’s population in June 2026 was about 6.21 million, of whom 3.68 million were citizens, about 547,000 permanent residents and 1.98 million non-residents. Read more Singapore · Language专业资格与继续教育
The central institution of professional training in Singapore’s financial sector is the Institute of Banking and Finance (IBF). Read more Singapore · Language人才争夺战
Singapore’s efforts have earned international recognition. Read more Singapore · Language对企业和专业人士的实际影响
A financial institution that builds a team in Singapore must think about immigration from the outset. The qualifying salary, which rises with age, determines the minimum cost of each foreign hire. Read more Singapore · Language人才：教育、移民与金融业劳动力：与日内瓦的比较
Geneva and Singapore both depend on foreign professionals, but they obtain them through very different legal channels. Read more Singapore · Language人才：教育、移民与金融业劳动力：摘要
Singapore has built its financial workforce through three public research universities: the National University of Singapore with roots in 1905, Nanyang Technological University with roots in the… Read more